Battle of Maria June 15, 1809 Take 2

We took a second crack at the battle of Maria (the first, with background, can be seen here), a scenario written for the Peninsular War by my good friend Brian North. This time I was squaring off with my friend Alan, Alan taking the Spanish and I the French. It was a very different battle from the last run through, beginning with the starting positions but doing away with any restrictions afterwards, allowing each commander to conduct the battle as seen fit. Again, the Spanish held the high ground in a very strong position with the French originally outnumbered but knowing that Robert, wth a brigade six battalions strong, was on the way. I had intended this, as a second report on the same battle, to be a short one but it was so different and dramatic that it ended up being a tome!

We played this over three sessions with my 1/72nd toys on 6’ X 9’ table, using the Over the Hills ruleset. 

The scenario map showing the starting positions.The dark green areas are steep slopes unnegotiable by cavalry or artillery. The yellow line shows the area that still must be controlled by the Spanish at game's end. The French plan was to pin the Spanish at the front of the ridge with Musnier's force and break through and assault up the spurs on the Spanish right with Habert, Robert and Wathier's cavalry. The arrows show the French assault, pivoting Musnier back so that the French line became parallel to the road. The red arrow shows the strong Spanish advance down from the ridge later in the battle.

1. The battlefield

The Spanish (left) in line along the ridge with Lacy's brigade and the Spanish horse between the ridge and the canal. Lazan's division forms a strong second line on the plateau. Facing them, bottom right is Habert's brigade and Wathier's horse with Musnier above.

2. French right

3. Spanish left on ridge

Roca's 2nd Brigade, a mix of recently raised Spanish regiments.

4. French left

The French horse are massed in columns of squadrons behind Habert's brigade.

5. Spanish cannon on the ridge

The Spanish have two batteries in commanding positions on the forward ridge, this one in the interval between Roca's 2nd and 1st brigades.

6. Spanish refuse right wing

The Spanish get things rolling immediately, pivoting Lacy's Vanguard troops out of the valley towards the higher ground to the rear while O'Donoju's Cazadores Olivenza, supported by Santiago, ride to the front to confront the French.

7. Poles driven off

Suchet orders Habert into the attack, hoping for a quick breakthrough on the French left. Habert sends in his veteran Vistula/1 in column to crush the retreating Almeria. But the Spanish stand firm and the Poles instead are thrown back with heavy losses. This was the first of many upsets for the cocky French.

8. Blake initiates feint against French right

Blake orders Roca's second brigade down off the ridge in a feint (bottom left), hoping to tie down Musnier's division. But Musnier has begun his slow retreat towards the river (upper left), covering the French right while Suchet focusses on breaking the Spanish early on his left.

9. Roca's 2nd Brigade moves down the ridge while Pirez arrives in support

Blake sends Pirez to take over Roca's 2nd Brigade positions at the top of the ridge.

10. French cannon in action

Musnier reunites his two half batteries into a single battery and starts to shell the Saboya battalions making up Roca"s right.

11. 5th Legere driven off

Meanwhile Habert has been taking a pounding from the Spanish artillery. In danger of Habert breaking, Suchet sends over his reserve, the 5th Legere and 64th Line, to bolster Habert. Habert immediately squanders the 5th Legere in a head on assault of the Spanish battery, hoping to put them out of action. But the Spanish are ready and send the French reeling back with a load of canister. The Spanish line holds and Habert will have much to answer for to Suchet when this battle is over.

12. Cavalry clash

Lacy manages to get his vanguard back to safety on the heights at the east end of the ridge. Wathier's cavalry, still trying to break through on the French left, engage in a pitched battle,that leaves both sides falling back, with the Spanish light horse amazingly resisting the crushing charge of the cuirassiers!

13. French left flank overview

In this overview lower left the Spanish cavalry still manage to thwart Wathier's breakthrough. Above them, upper left, Lacy has withdrawn to the heights while Menacha (center top) now moves to face off against Habert. The narrow accesses to the ridge via the spurs limits the use of the cavalry in support of Habert while on the upper right Musnier can be seen pulling his line back to cover the French flank.

14. Menacha takes over from Lacy

Lacy's Vanguard, battered but proud, withdraws to the rear while Menacha takes over the front line. Blake moves Lazan's battery forward to support this flank.

15. A lot of Spanish on the high ground!

Blake pushes Hernandez' brigade to join Pirez in massing at the front of the ridge, still believing that the French attack will fall towards the front. With the Spanish feint down the ridge and the massing towards the front, this plays into Suchet's plan of a flanking move perfectly.

16. The cavalry clash a second time

The cavalry clash a second time, and this time both the Spanish and cuirassiers break, fleeing the battlefield. Wathier manages to rally his 4me Hussards, but with their 'big brothers' routed, the Hussards are very fragile.

17. Cuirassiers rout

18. Roca calls back the 2nd Brigade

With Musnier clearly in retreat and Kliski's squadron of Vistula lancers roaming near by, Roca calls off the feint on his far left and the 2nd Brigade retreats to the safety of the ridge.

19. Overview

Looking down the length of the ridge the 2nd brigade can be seen foreground retreating up the ridge while Pirez' and Hernandez' brigades and Roca's Saboya battalions mass on the forward ridge. Top left the cuirassiers rout as Musnier's line is thinned by the departure of his cannon, now sent up the French left flank to support the main event. Verges' brigade as well has moved off leaving only Fabre facing off against the masses of Spanish on the ridge.

20. Verges takes the lead

With Habert badly mauled, Verges' brigade takes over the lead on the French left. The two French batteries are limbered up and race over to this flank in support. But Suchet is really just playing for time, not wanting to show his hand on the left too early, as he waits for the arrival of Robert's massive brigade numbering 3000 reinforcements.

21. Overview French left

Lower right Fabre's brigade continues to drift left, now spread out in open order to try and blunt the relentless toll being wreaked on them by the Spanish cannon while above to the left Verges' brigade takes over the advance from Habert. Above them on the spur a lone Spanish battery begins to feel exposed as the enemy draws closer, but mostly Blake has his troops where he wants them, well-emplaced on the high ground. Top left the 4me Hussards threaten Lacy (once again!) who is still perilously exposed on the lower reaches of the spurs.

22. Almeria again on the front line

Lacy's Almeria regiment once again finds itself on the front lines as the French cavalry appear at the foot of the ridge.

22. Verges brigade broken!

With Lacy's Almeria/1 forced into square by the 4me Hussards and nothing but a thin skirmish line of Valencian Cazadores in front, Musnier has Verges throw his battalions into the attack. But rather than evading, in yet another heroic stand the cazadores stand fast and drive off their attackers before they can hit the square! Lacy's vanguard once again beats the odds and holds the line and the losses are enough to break Verges' brigade, who are forced to withdraw.

23. Robert arrives in support of Habert

However at this moment Robert's long-awaited six battalions of fresh troops march onto the battlefield. Suchet orders Robert up the French left towards the rear of the Spanish position to take over the attack. Musnier's batteries unlimber and their cannon go into action against Menacha (top right).

24. Spanish advance

With Robert's arrival and only Fabre's brigade now holding the French right, Blake finally orders his troops that were massed on the ridge into the attack. Eleven Spanish battalions, almost 9,0000 men march down from the ridge towards the enemy.

24. Kliski's lancers disrupts Spanish advance on French right

But their advance is slowed by the small detachment of Polish cavalry on this flank. Caught out of square, Kliski's lancers rout the Tiradores de Cariñena but a second manages to form square just in time.

25. Tiradores de Cariñena routed

26. Overview of Spanish advance

On the right the bulk of the Spanish army marches on Fabre, leaving only their guns along with Menacha's brigade (reinforced by a battalion detached from Roca's Saboya) and Lacy's Vanguard  guarding the spurs (upper left). But the Spanish advance is slow and cumbersome as Fabre falls back (lower left) and the rest of the French push up the Spanish right (off frame left). The Spanish attack has played directly into Suchet's plans, which was to have the Spanish committed so far forward that Suchet's army could pivot on Musinier's left and punch through Lacy at the rear. In this manner they would break onto the high ground, essentially cutting off the Spanish from their retreat. 

27. Robert and Habert march to assault the Spanish right flank

Lacy's Almeria and Valencian Cazadores watch nervously as yet again the force of the French attack threatens to fall on them. Belatedly Blake realizes that Suchet is shifting everything over to the Spanish rear.

28. The gathering storm

With the French Hussards keeping some of the Spanish tied up in squares, Robert's battalions march down the Spanish right. A storm is gathering that threatens to overwhelm the thin Spanish line. But another storm threatens as the skies darken on the horizon...

29. Vistula 2/2 routed by Spanish musket fire, storm breaks

Some telling musket routs Habert's Poles. Broken but then rallied, this goes to show how fragile Habert's brigade is. 

30. Robert with Habert following form up in columns to assault up the back two spurs

At this point a massive tempest sweeps over the battlefield, stopping all advance and cannon and musket fire as the opposing lines disappear from sight.

 

The tempest could not have come at a worse time for the French. Suchet had got Robert into position to assault a weakened Lacy while his cannon were close enough to be dealing some serious grief to Menacha. But all the French can do now is weather the storm, with Robert and Habert forming up into columns of division for the assault once the skies clear. Suchet sends an ADC to Musnier to have him fall back and guard the rear of the French but the ADC becomes lost in the pounding rain and is unable to find the French divisional commander!

31. Blake pulls Lacy back further on ridge

The Spanish are able to use the lull in the fighting more effectively. Lacy and Menacha are pulled further back up the ridge and their lines tidied up.

31. Overview

The Spanish lines (top) straddle the spurs, with rough ground either side that impacts any French assault. Robert, with Habert in support, form up in columns (left) in preparation for the assault. At the same time Saboya/1, attached to Menacha, is marched over to take up a position behind Almeria providing the most vulnerable part of the Spanish defence a second line. Top centre/right Menacha has also pulled back, and is now out of close range of the French artillery.

32. Musnier pulls Fabre back

Musnier finally receives Suchet's order to withdraw further, to a line between the ridge and the canal, putting more distance between his line and the advancing Spanish. But the Spanish continue to pound Fabre's line with cannon fire from the ridge and casualties mount. Can they hold long enough for Robert to achieve his breakthrough?

33. The Spanish continue to press forward relentlessly on the French right

34. And the Spanish cannons pound Fabre from the ridge

35. First French assault goes in against Spanish right

Robert's first assault finally goes in, with two battalions in columns of division crashing into Almeria/1 simultaneously. Behind Almeria/1 the Spanish cannon is still limbered and the French are confident that the Spanish will be driven back and the line broken as more of Robert's columns file up in a second wave.

36. And is repulsed!

But again Almeria/1 defies the odds, repulsing the attack with one French battalion broken and the second routed (Alan rolls two 1's on a pair of d10's - snake eyes!!)

37. Second French wave hits Spanish right

Undaunted, Robert's second wave goes in. Lacy's brigade, finally broken by the last assault despite standing firm, begins to withdraw but Saboya/1 (bottom) is there to oppose the two fresh French battalions hitting them in column. Above these a third of Robert's battalions in open order attack the Spanish battery, now unlimbered and ready for action (behind the cannon Almeria 1 and 2 withdraw while Lacy's Cazadores fall back behind Saboya).

38. And is repulsed a second time!

The French battalion assaulting the gun wades through a hail of canister but, badly mauled, is driven off and routed by the gun teams in close combat. Two more French battalions are broken by Saboya's line, which stands firm (Alan's die rolling was formidable, mine pathetic!) and in a matter of minutes three of Robert's battalions are broken and two routed, gutting any hope of a French victory.

39. Battle over

This overview shows the battle at game's end. It would now be for the remaining French to withdraw back along the road while Fabre's line (lower right, close to being broken, with only a handful of fatigue hits remaining), the French guns and the cavalry hold back the mass of Spanish on their right that threatens to cut off the retreat.

Despite everything going to plan for Suchet - the thinning of the Spanish rear and drawing the enemy down from the ridge at the front - nothing went right as far as luck for the French. Alan, realizing too late that the weight of my attack was going to fall on the rear of his position, still did a masterful job of juggling the few resources he had on that flank to his best advantage and, of course, the storm's arrival time certainly played into the hands of the defender.

The Spanish cavalry performed heroically, holding back the massive wave of French cuirassiers long enough to blunt the Spanish attack up the valley and, of course, Lacy's vanguard, at the forefront of the fighting throughout, won the day for the Spanish.

In the end, as always, luck was the prevailing factor on the battlefield and this time it was all with the Spanish, who achieved a resounding victory.

The 16th Lègére

The commanding officer of the 16th Lègére cautiously sends out his skirmish line.

One of my acquisitions from 52nd Black Watch last winter were two sets of their Spanish Light Infantry in Spain, enough to do a six stand battalion totalling 24 figures. As always, these are beautiful sculpts in metal, a nice departure from my mostly all-plastic armies.

They are identified as the 31st Lègére, mainly because they are all sculpted without jackets (with the exception of the officer and drummer), wearing instead just their long-sleeved white vests as depicted in an image by El Guil. I had originally planned to paint them up as the 31st, but decided instead to go with the 16th, a regiment that also saw extensive action in Spain. 

As much as I liked the idea of the long-sleeved white waistcoats I also felt that if I painted them all that way they wouldn’t necessarily integrate that well with the rest of my light infantry (they weren’t going to integrate well, regardless, as the Black Watch sculpts are quite differently proportioned from the slender HaT sculpts). So I decided to put most of them into the long-tailed jacket, leaving only a few in shirt sleeves. I hope the sculptor will forgive me!

After starting to paint these I decided to add coattails to 14 of the figures so they would look a but more like the rest of my light infantry.

Beyond that my only conversions were to make the extra drummer into a flag bearer (a fanion, as the light infantry in Spain had been directed to leave their Eagles at the depot) and a slight alteration to the second officer, placed on my grenadier stand, so he wouldn't look identical to the first.

A bit of history

The 16th light demi-brigade was formed in 1796. It served in the armies of the Rhine, Germany, Helvetia, Naples and Italy.

The 16th Lègére also had a long history in the Peninsula, a small contingent entering into Spain as part of the Corps d'Observation de la Gironde sent in to support Spain in its war against Portugal in 1801 and returning to France in 1802. 

In 1803 it was made a full regiment of four battalions. Elements of the 16th made up part of the Corps d'Observations which were slipped into Spain at the end of 1807 prior to Napoleon’s move to force the abdication of the Spanish monarchy and take over the country, placing it under the rule of his brother Joseph. When Spain subsequently rose up in rebellion the 16th’s third battalion formed part of the forces gathered to march into Spain under Napoleon at the end of October, 1808 to set things right.

The 16th Lègére (first three battalions) joined Marshal Victor’s 1st Corps, in Lapisse’ 2nd Division. They fought on the French right, helping defeat and disperse Blake’s Spanish army before joining Napoleon on the march to Madrid.

They later fought at Talavera in July 1809, where General Lapisse was killed, and then spent most of the next few years with Victor in the endless siege of Cadiz. By 1813 only the 1st Battalion was left in Spain, present at the battle of Vittoria and the subsequent withdrawal of the French forces from the Peninsula.

This excellently researched French site has loads more information on the 16th Lègére.

http://frederic.berjaud.free.fr/Articles_de_Didier_Davin/16eLeger/16eme_leger.htm

And here are a few photos of my results:

The flag bearer is a conversion from the drummer behind. I gave him a fanion as by this point in the war light infantry battalions had been instructed to not bring their Eagles onto the field.

My grenadier stand with a slightly altered commander figure serving as a grenadier lieutenant.

This stand of voltigeurs has two of the figures in their white long-sleeved vests. Part of me wishes I had simply left the entire unit in the vests!!

The generosity of strangers

One of the things I love about this hobby is the generosity of so many who embrace it. For the second time someone has reached out to me from far away to offer me figures that I had mentioned having a hard time to get my hands on. This time it was Clive from Australia, (almost literally on the other side of the world from my home in Canada!!) who in an e-mail casually mentioned that he was changing scale to 28mm and had a few spare 1/72 Napoleonics he was prepared to pass on to a good home. By a few extra he meant 16,000 (!!) Clive sent me a list of what he had - he was very organized - I sent him my wish list, and we came to an agreement that would have him ship these to me. In the end 2000 or more figures arrived the other day by parcel post, including about 800 destined for my friend Alan, new to the hobby and now far into the deep end.

So a big thanks to Clive, to Mark in the past, and all those who love to share in this hobby.

Packages of joy received in the mail.